Gyroscopic compass.



L. P. FUCHS. GYROSGOPIC COMPASS. APPLICATION FILED mun 11. 1012.

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L. P. FUCHS.'

GYROSCOPIG COMPASS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1912.

LQQLSOQ Patented July 22, 1913.

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uN rnD STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

LUDWIG F. FUCHS, OF HOIBOKEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ANTI-MAGNETIC COMPASS 00., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

GYROSCOPIC COMPASS.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LUDWIG F. FUoHs a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Hoboken, Hudson county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gyroscopic Compasses, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to gyro-scopic'compasses and is for the same invention as described in my pending application filed November 25, 1911, Serf No. 662264, with cer-' tain additional novel features.

I The \object of the invention islto provide a compass operated by a gyroscope and adapted to show the true course of the ship at all times and under all conditions so as to enable the navigator to steer the ship on the rhumb line. 7

In'the drawings accompanying this specification and illustrating my invention Figures l and 2 are diagrammatic illustrations in elevation and in plan of a gyroscope showing the principle upon which this invention isbased. -'Fig. 3 illustrates diagram matically the result obtained by my novel method of suspending a gyroscope when the latter is moved over the earth from the pole and to equator and vice versa. Fig. 4: illustrates more clearly the different positions which my gyroscope assumes at various points on the surface of the earth and also shows the mechanical construction in outline. Fig. 5 illustrates a concrete example of a ship sailing for a givendestinationand steered by my gyroscopic compass. Figs. 6 and 7 further illustrate and explain the example shown in Fig. 5. 8 is an elevation of my compass mounted upon a suitable support. Fig- 9 is a plan View of the com; pass scale and illustrates the operation of setting the course. partly in section and with parts omitted to more clearly show the mechanical construction of mycompas's, and Fig. 11 is a view of my compass in elevation and with parts in section. I

The gyroscope is a well lmown instrument and its fundamental laws are well understood. The first one of theselaws is that a gyroscope will maintain its initial directionor plane. The second of these laws isthat if a gyroscope is free' to move in only two planes .it will assume a .position with its planes parallel to equator. It is also well known that by suspending or supporting a Specification of Letters Patent.

Fig. 10 is a plan View Patented July 22, 1913.

Application filed June 11, 1912. Serial No. 702,942.

gyroscope according to the manner of ,Cardan and at the same time lowering the axis of rotation of the gyroscope below Cardans point, the gyroscope will participate in the movement of the earthl I support my gyroscope so that it participates in the movement of the earth. I also support it in a manner to permit the gyroed from assuming a position parallel to' equator so as to indicate absolute north.

I do not depend upon the gyroscope to indicate any particular direction in space,

hence my invention is in sharp contrast to the usual form of gyroscope compasses and the attendant disadvantages of the well known forms of gyroscopic compasses are absent from my invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 the reference numeral 1 represents the gyroscope. 2 is the axle around which the gyroscope rotates and which I hereinafter also refer to as the axis of rotation. 3 is a ring in which the axle 2 is supported and 4 is the frame for the support of the gyroscope. The ring is suspended at 55 in the frame and it is a most important element of my inventionthat the axis 55 is at an angle of fortyfive degrees to the axis of rotation. The arrows 6 indicate the initial direction. In Fig. 1 the gyroscope is'shown in elevation and plan standing with its plane at an angle of. forty-five degrees to the surface 7. If now an attempt is made to change the initial direction of the gyroscope, that is, to change the direction of the arrow 6', the gyroscope will resist and try through its great gyrostatic power to keep in the same plane and as a consequence only permit the smallest disturbance and variation. The result is illustrated in Fig. 2 which shows that the plane of the gyroscope has been moved forty-five degreesand'now stands perpendicular to the surface 7 and the movement of-the gyroscope plane has caused 'a movement of ninety degrees of the ring 3 and a movement of forty-five degrees of the frame 4, because only by changing the position of these elements as shown in Fig. ,1 .to the positions shown in Fig. 2 has it been possible for the gyroscope to maintain its initial direction, which is shown by the arrows 8 be ing parallel to the arrows 6. In other ,words, by moving the plane of the gyroscope forty-five degrees I also obtain a lateral rotary movement of the frame 4. of forty-five degrees. This is the maximum movement of my gyroscope, and is the result of the plane of the gyroscope as expressed by the arrow 6 being moved into a new plane as expressed by the arrow 8 parallel to the plane 6. The tendency of the gyroscope to maintain its initial direction is not affected by my construction but is made to do actual mechanical work in rotating the frame. And it will be seen later on, that-I construct my compass so that there is very little friction to be overcome in turning the frame, so little in fact, that it may be disregarded when compared to the enormous gyrostatic force of the wheel 1. Now, when a shipsails from the pole to equa-' tor it passes through an arc of ninety degrees and if my gyroscope compass is on board, the plane of the gyroscope will as a matter of actual physical movement be moved forty-five degrees and consequently the frame rotated forty-five degrees. The result of this operation is shown in Fig. 3 where it will be seen that the axis 5-5 through the frame necessarily always points toward a point 9 on equator. In other words, I have now obtained a memberthe frame 4cwhich points toward the same point 9 while being moved from the pole to equator and vice versa of course, and which member I can then use to steer by. It will be seen, however, that if the gyroscope is suspended in neutral equilibrium, any slight disturbance or accidental ulterior force will cause it to swing on the axis 55 and as it thus changes its plane it will operate the frame 4 in an uncertain manner and the frame could not then be depended upon for the purpose of steering. Another fact to be observed is the tendency of the gyroscope to force its axis of rotation parallel to the earths aXis, a tendency common to all gyroscopes. My gyroscopecannot do this, but the tendency to do so is present and causes a tilting of thegyroscopepn its axis of suspension. If left to" itself the gyroscope would keep on rotating around the central vertical axis of the apparatus and of course it would be useless. I therefore lower the axis .of rotation sufficiently to bring the gyroscope and the ring 3 into stable equilibrium on the axis 55 where gravity will act on the gyroscope to keep it nearly perpendicular to the earths surface. That is to say, I introduce the force of gravity as a to swing or tilt slightly on its axis of suspension so that its swinging movement coupled with or regulated by the force of gravity neutralizes or counter-balances the tendency to rise which is due to the influence of the earth, hence constant and the gyroscope is free to act under the sole influence. of its gyrostatic force. Obviously this matter of supporting the gyroscope in no wise destroys the gyrostatic force. On the contrary the full force of the gyroscope tending to maintain the initial direction can be utilized for that purpose only and in turn operates the frame 4 to turn the latter the forty five degrees as explained, consequently the directive force of my compass isin direct proportion to the gyrostatic force inherent in the gyroscope, hence is very great, because all of the gyrostatic force finds its expression in operating the frame while the compass is moved through an arcof ninetv degrees.

In Fig. 4 are illustrated some of the positions of the gyroscope suspended in stable equilibrium. To sum up: Any change in the plane of the rotating gyroscope produces a movement of the frame. The plane of the gyroscope is changed by movin the compass over the earth and the resulting movement of forty-five degrees of the frame is utilized to steer by. How this may be done is shown in Fig. 5 which illustrates various positions of a ship sailing from a point A to a point a. The positions 5, 0, d, e and f indicate the positions of a as the latter is moved around in space by the rotation of the earth. Similarly the positions of the vessel are marked B, C, D. E and F which are determined by the sailing of the ship toward a and the movement of the ship as it is carried around with the earth.

The black diameter 5 represents the axis 5-5 above referred to and which forms a certain angle with the radius through the center of the apparatus as found from Fig. 3. In Fig. 5 the axis 5 in the six different positions is drawn at the proper angle to the respective radii R. The line K represents the course and is drawn at an angle of ninety degrees to the axis 5 for the sake of clearness. This angle will vary for each point of destination. It will be seen that in each position of the vessel the line K points in a direct line from the vessel to the point 011 In other words, the direction of [the course is set. at the start and never changes as between the vessel and the point of destination. This line is the rhumb line. Again, let us suppose that during its travel the ship has been blown to one side into position 0 and it will be seen that the line 10- also in this instance points straight to 6. And of co-urse'the" same is true. of every position of the vessel. If the latter sails on a latitude, the plane of the gyroscope is r not changed and consequently the frame 4 start and until the ship reaches its destination. 7

It will be noted that the line K does not pass exactly through the points (2, e and f. This is not because the drawin or the principle upon which it is constructed is faulty, but because thevradii R are foreshortened in plan. In reality they are curved lines. So the lines K should be moved closer to the pole as will appeai' from Figs. 6 and 7.

The spiral llne L in Fig. 6 represents the course of a ship in space and is the esult of the ships travel at one speed and t e rotation of the earth at a far greater speed. The points F and f correspond to the similarly named points in Fig. 5. In F ig. 7 the spiral is drawn in elevation and if we now measure the distance it on the surface in Fig. 7 instead of in plan as in Fig. 6, the line K will be moved inwardly a distance determined by measuring the distances 2' and m on both figures as shown. Andin the same manner the other apparent errors in Fig. are explained and shown not to be errors in fact.

Referring now to Figs. 8 to 11 which show the detailed mechanical construction of the compass it will be seen that the gyroscope 1, Fig. 10, is formed by a three phased induction motor having its stator 12 secured to the non-rotatable hollow shaft 2 which is fixed in the ring 3 by suitable sleeves 14. The rotor 15 is suitably secured within a, heavy ring 16 preferably of nickel steel. The ring 16 is clamped between two casings 17 containing suitable ball bearings 18 which run in oil, suitable stuffing boxes being provided to prevent escape of the oil in, the usual manner. The shaft 2 is threaded into the sleeves 14 so that by rotating the latter the gyroscope may be adjusted axigtlly to center it. The windings 19 of the motor are supplied with current by three insulated wires 20 which pass from the windings through a hole 21 in the shaft 2 into the latter and the two wires are carried out thrpugh the one end of the shaft and the third wire is carried out through the other end of the shaft. The detailed mechanical construction of the gyroscope itself may of course be varied. The ring/3 is provided with knife edges 22 on the aforesaid axis 5-5. The knife edges rest on the frame 4 which in Fig. 11 is shown as comprising the two arms 4, 4 secured to.a rotatable base 23 which rests on a ball bearing 24 which in turn rests on the bed plate 25. A ball bear- 4 ing 26 is provided for centering the frame 4 on the bed plate. The latter further supports three circular tracks 27 suitably insulated by' insulating rings 28. I

At two diametrically opposite points, preferably directly under the ends of the shaft 2, there are secured two insulating blocks 29 and 30. The block 29 carries two contact blocks 31, one ofwhich is seen in dotted lines only and secured to the contact blocks are contacting springs 32 which rest'on the two outside tracks 27. The block similarly contains a -contact block to which is attached a spring 33 which rests on the middle track 27. The contact blocks are each I provided with a pin 34, only one of which is seen and over the pins 34 slip sockets 35 to which are secured the insulated wires 20 from the windings 19. Other wires 36 lead from the binding posts 37 depending from the tracks v27. The wires are preferably oined in the center into a single cable 38 which leads to a motor generator set not shown. So it will be seen that the current passes from the motor generator set through cable 38, wires 36 to the tracks 27, through the contact springs 32 and 33 to the contact blocks 31 and thence to the wires 20, to the motor. By this arrangement the frame 4 and the gyroscope are free to rotate and the compass is free to swing in its gimbal bearings as the wires are joined in the center into a single cable. The frame 4 comprises further two diametrically disposed upper arms 39 only one of which appears and which are screwed fast to the arms 4 by bolts 40.

A- space 41 is formed to. permit the knife edges 22 to rest on the arms 4. The upper arms 39 arepart of a ring 42 which carries a disk 43. Upon the latter rests a graduated compass scale 44 provided with a slide 45 having a hairline 46, Fig. 9. The slide is adjustably secured-- to the scale by a thumb screw 47. The hairline will hereinafter and in the claims becalled a pointer.

From the ring 42 extend two lugs 48 on anaxis at right angles to the axis 55. Each lug 0 tries a screw 49 which can be adjusted t limit the tilting or swinging movement of the gyroscope in order to regulate it so that only so much tilting takes place that the gyroscope under the influence of the two factors aforesaid, namely the tendency to force the axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth and gravity becomes independent of the influence of the earth to maintain its initial direction, while ordinarily it is a matter of a coupleof hours run before the axis. of rotation becomes par- -allel to the axis of the earth.

The gyroscope as here described is contained within a casing 50 secured to the bed plate. The casing is provided With knife edges 51 which rest on a ring 52 which in turn rests on the standard 53 by means of knife edges 54 at right angle to the knife edges 51 as seen in Fig. 8. The casing 50 and the ring 52 together form the gimbal bearing for the apparatus. A light metal casing 64 serves to bridge the space above the ring 52 and to the disk 43. The standard 53. rests on a pneumatic ring 55 and is secured thereto. The pneumatic ring rests on and is secured to a base 56 and prevents shocks or vibrations from the machinery on board the vessel from reaching the compass. '65 is a protective cover for the pneumatic ring. I

57 represents any suitable form of an azimuth compass. In this instance it is provided with rollers 58 so as to turn easily onthe center disk pivot 59. It'is further provided with an opening having a hair-line 60, Fig. 9, adapted to register with the scale 44. The aforesaid metal casing 64 carries a mark 61 indicating the lubbers point, that is the longitudinal axis of the ship.

The operation is as follows: When 'the course is to be set, as when the shipis outside its starting port for instance, the current is turned on and the azimuth compass is placed on the disk 43 and the azimuth is registered or determined in the usual manner. The moment this is done the hairline 60 will register with a division line on the scale. From charts or tables I ascertain the angle from geographical north as found by the azimuth. Let that angle be X degrees in Fig. 9. Frbm a map or chart Ialsoascertain the angle of the course with respect to geographical north. Let that angle be X plus Y degrees in Fig. 9. Consequently I move the slide around on the scale Y degrees and fix it in position by the thumb screw 47. The hairline 46 enables me to accurately place the slide or pointer 45. The azimuth compass is then removed and inasmuch as the pointer 45 is carried by the frame and the latter is moved by the gyroscope while the ship is sailing as'explained, the pointer 45 will be moved also, that is it will show the rhumb line throughout the voyage. In other words, the pointer is set to indicate the course by doing two things. .First determining the azimuth when the course is to be set and thereafter set the pointer by simply adding or subtracting the difference between the angle of the azimuth and the angle of the course determined from geographical north.

It makes of course no difference what the lateral position .of the gyroscope may be when the current is turned on. After the course is set, the r-udder is operated to bring the lubbersp'ointfi'n register with the pointer the said ring.

45 as shown and by keeping it there the ship will travel in the shortest line to its point of destination which point at all times is indicated by the pointer. Thus of course the usual sailing in zig-zag is eliminated.

It will be seen that my gyroscope compass is very simple in construction and easily operated and that no calculations are needed to determine the course. The course may be checked as often as desired by means of the azimuth. If it is impossible to obtain a free horizon for the azimuth observation from the pilot house the Whole apparatus may be lifted off from the standard and placed on a similar support in a suitable place, the cable 38 being made long enough. When the course is set the compass is returned to the standard.

Changes in the construction of the apparatus may be made Within the principle of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of 2. In a gyroscope compass thecombination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation 'at j an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring.

3. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroi scope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of the said ring and in a plane different from the plane of the said axis of suspension.

4. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of the said rim and in a plane different from the plane 0 the said axis of suspension.

5. Ina gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring supported in the latter and adapted to swing on an axis through its points of supports, a gyroscope supported in said ring, means for rotating said gyroscope, the axis of rotation of the gyroscope being at an acute angle to the axis through the aforesaid points of support of the ring.

6. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring supported in the latter and adapted to swing on an axis through its points of supports,- a gyroscope supported 1n said ring, means for rotating said gyroscope, the axis of rotation of the gyroscope being at an angle of forty-five degrees ,to the axis through the aforesaid points of support of the ring.

7. In a compass the combination of a support, a member pivoted Within the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said member to-rotate in a plane at an acute angle,t0 the axis of suspension of said member and means for rotating said gyroscope.

8. In a compass the combination of a'support, a member pivoted within the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said member to rotate in. a plane at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said member and means for rotating said gyroscope.

9. The combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically oppos1te points, a shaft secured in said ring at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of the rmg, a gyroscope mounted on said shaft and means for operating said gyroscope.

10. The combination of a frame, a ring p voted-in the same at diametrically opposite points, a shaft secured in said ring at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of the ring, a gyroscope mounted on sald shaft and means for operating said gyroscope.

11. In a gyroscope compass the combinatlon of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of the said ring and below the plane of said axis of suspension.

12. In a gyroscope. compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degreesv to the axis of suspension of the said ring and below the plane of said axis of suspension.

13. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted within the latter at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope supported in said ring, means for rotating said gyroscope,'the axis of rotation of the latter being at an acute'angle to and a distance below the axis through the aforesaid diametrically opposite points of suspension of the said ring.

14, In a gyroscope compass the combination of a. frame, a ring pivoted within the latter at diametrically opposite. points, a gyroscope supported in said ring, means for rotating said gyroscope, the axis of rotation of the latter being at an angle of forty-five degrees 'to and a distance below the axis through the aforesaid diametrically opposlte points of suspension of the said ring.

15. In a gyroscope compass the combinat1on of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an-angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring and means carried by said frame and abutting said ring for limiting the oscillations of the latter on its axis of suspension.

16. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate Within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring and adjustable means carried by said frame and abutting said ring for limiting the oscillations of the latter on its axis of suspension.

17. In a gyroscope compass the comblnation of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring, said axis of rotation being in a lower plane than the said. axis of suspension, and means carried by said frame and abutting said ring for limit ing the oscillations of the latter on itsaxis of suspension.

18. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of the said ring and means for rotating the gyroscope.

19. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring and means for rotating the gyroscope.

20. In a gyroscope c0mpass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an acute angle to the axis of suspension of the said ring and in a plane dif-' ferent fromthe plane of the said axis of suspension, and means for rotating said gyroscope.

21. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, 'a ring pivoted in'the same at diametrically opposlte points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and havin its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axls of suspension of the said ring and in a plane different from the planeof the said axis ofsuspension, and means for rotating 7 said gyroscope.

22. In a gyroscope compass the comb1na tion of a frame, a rin pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring same and having its axis of rotatlon at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of the said ring and below the plane of said axis of suspension, and means for rotating said gyroscope.

23. In a'gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and'having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the'axis of suspension of said ring, means carried by said frame and abutting said ring for limiting the oscillations of the latter on its axis of suspension, and means for rotating sald gyroscope.

24. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposlte points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of,'rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of said ring,- said axis of rotation being ina lower plane than the said axis of suspension, means carried by said frame and abutting said ring for limiting the oscillations of the latter on its axis of suspension, and means for rotatingsaid gyroscope.

25. In a gyroscope compass the combmation of a rotatable frame, supporting means therefor, a ring pivoted 1n said frame at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscopemounted in said ring to rotate in said frame and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the said axis of suspension of the ring, gimbal bearing mem' bers for said supporting means and a supoorting framework for said gi'mbal bearin members. I

26. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a rotatable frame, an adjustable pointer carried by the same and adapted to be set to indicate the course to be pursued, a ring pivoted in said frame at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope for movlng said frame mounted in said'ring and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the said angle of suspension and means for rotating said gyroscope.

27 In a gyroscope compass the combination of a rotatable frame, an adjustable pointer carried by the same and adapted to be set to indicate the course to be pursued,

to rotate within the a ring pivoted in said frame at diametrioally opposite points,- a gyroscope for moving said frame mounted in said ring and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the said angle of suspension and means carried by said frame and abutting the said ring on diametrically opposite polnts to limit the oscillations of the said ring and the gyroscope.

28. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a rotatable frame, an adjustable pointer carried by the same and adapted to be set to indicate the course to be pursued, a ring pivoted in said frame at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope for moving said frame mountedin said ring and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five de grees to the said angle of suspension and in a plane below the plane of the latter, and means for rotating said gyroscope.

29. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a frame, a ring pivoted in the same at diametrically opposite points, a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate withinthe same on an axis at an angle of forty-five degrees to the said axis of suspension, the center of gravity of the combined ring and gyroscope being in a plane below the plane of the said axis of suspension.

30. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a gyroscope, a member for supportingthe latter on its axis of rotation, means for supporting said member at two diaber supporting said ring at diametrically opposite points thereof in an axis at an angle of forty-five degrees "to the axis of said shaft and wires for supplylng current to said in- .duction motor, said wires passing through the said hollow shaft.

32. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a movable framework, a compass scale carried' thereby, an azimuth compass adapted to ,fit over said compass scale and provided with a hairline sight adapted to register with said scale, a pointer, means for adjusting the latter on said compass scale with relation to the said azimuth compass to indicate a distant geographical point, a ring pivoted in said framework and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate Within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of suspension of the said ring for moving said frame to cause said pointer on the compass scale to at all times indicate said disv tion of a movable framework, a compass carried thereby, a pointer adapted to be set on said scale to indicate a distant geographical point, a ring pivoted in said framev Work and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rotation at an angle of forty-five de-.

grees to the axis of suspension of said ring for moving the said framework to cause the said pointer to at all times indicate said distant geographical point.

34. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a casing, a bed plate secured thereto, a framework rotatably' supported on said casing, a ring pivoted on the framework at diametrically opposite points, said ring having downwardly projecting bearings, a gyroscope for rotatlng said framework mounted to rotate in said bearings below the points of rest of said ring, means carried by said framework for limiting oscillations by said gyroscope and means for rotating the latter.

35. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a base plate, a pneumatic ring bolted to the same, a standard supported on the said'pneumatic ring and bolted thereto, a-

circular shield secured to the said standard and extending around and below the said pneumatic ring to protect the same and a gyroscopically controlled compass. mechanism supported in the said standard.

36. In a gyroscope compass the combination of a framework, a pointer supported on said framework and adapted to be positioned to indicate a distant geographicalpoint, a ring pivoted in said framework and a gyroscope mounted in said ring to rotate within the same and having its axis of rbtation at an angle of forty five degreesto the axis of suspension of .saidring for causing said pointer to at all times indicate the said point.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 10 day of June1912.

LUDWIG F. FUCHS.

Witnesses:

IVAN KoNIGsBnRG, K. G. LEARD. 

